In 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg published a paper “The Hallmarks of Cancer” enumerating six acquired functional capabilities of human cells for progression into malignancies, which include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting apoptosis, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis.  These crucial traits have since been the guiding principles for the …

In the introductory segment of our Cancer series, we touched upon the broad categories of factors that drive cell mutation and cancer – hereditary mutations, environmental exposure, and replicative errors.In the second part of the same series, we briefly shared the external factors that possibly collaborate to increase the incidence of one contracting cancer.  Reading …

The heart, although the centre and driving force behind the body’s blood circulatory system, like any other organ, needs to be perfused with blood for normal functioning through its own coronary circulation system.Coronary heart disease is a disease caused by the formation of plaque buildup that results in a partial or complete blockage of the …